The American Dental Association (ADA) defines “cosmetic dentistry” as any dental procedure or appliance which enhances the look and feel of a person’s teeth. Often, procedures which are medically necessary can also have a cosmetic aspect, but many people today are choosing to improve their appearance even if their own teeth are basically sound, by utilizing one of the many new procedures available to enhance smiles and whiteness. Most of these procedures have been advanced to the point that they can be completed in just a few office visits, with sedation if needed and are commonly minimally invasive.

There are several types of dental procedures that the ADA labels as cosmetic dentistry. Each has significant advantages, although there may be some disadvantages or cautions to consider when choosing these techniques.

Tooth whitening, or bleaching, is the chemical removal of stains and brightening of teeth so that the patient has a brilliant, white smile. Many patients can brighten smiles several shades with the use of tooth whitening techniques. Most techniques are based on chemical applications containing hydrogen peroxide. These are available as in-office treatments or at-home treatments. The American Dental Hygienists’ Association (ADHA) recommends the guidance of a professional when choosing a whitening system.

Bonding is the process of applying tooth-colored materials to the surface of stained, chipped, or broken teeth, to give the appearance of fresh, new enamel. The ADA lists bonding as a cosmetic dentistry practice, although broken teeth may also need to be repaired for medical reasons.
Often combined with bonding, enamel shaping gives teeth a smooth, shiny appearance by removing or shaping the existing enamel.

Veneers are thin, durable shells that are applied to the surface of unsightly teeth. Besides covering stained or chipped enamel, these shells can also help to give the appearance of straightness to crooked teeth by covering them with a more well-aligned façade.

Finally, the ADA lists braces and other orthodontic work as cosmetic dentistry. However, braces or orthodontic repairs may also be necessary when teeth are so far out of line that they are pushing other teeth or creating gaps in the toothline, which can encourage the growth of bacteria and decay.